Zyra › Research library

Research library

Every cited claim on this site traces to a source a writer has opened. Here are all 38 sources — reference values, human trials and meta-analyses behind 35 articles, from 61 citations, deduplicated and linked to the pieces that cite each one. Verified identifiers only.

38 sources

  1. 5×

    Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids The National Academies Press. 2005. doi:10.17226/10490

    Cited in How much protein per kg of body weight?·What is the minimum fat intake per day?·How many carbs should I eat per day?·How much fiber per day?·How do you set macros on a vegan diet?

  2. 4×

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Food energy — methods of analysis and conversion factors FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77. 2003. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77 (ISSN 0254-4725)

    Cited in What are macros?·How much fiber per day?·Why don't my macros add up to my calories?·How many calories are in alcohol, and how do you log it?

  3. 4×

    Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990. doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.2.241 · PMID 2305711

    Cited in What is TDEE?·How to calculate your TDEE by hand·Mifflin-St Jeor vs Harris-Benedict vs Katch-McArdle: which BMR formula is best?·Why does every TDEE calculator give a different number?

  4. 3×

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, United Nations University (Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation). Human energy requirements: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. FAO Food and Nutrition Technical Report Series 1. 2004. FAO document y5686e

    Cited in What is TDEE?·What is NEAT and why does it matter for calories?·What is the thermic effect of food?

  5. 2×

    MyFitnessPal, Inc. MyFitnessPal — calorie counter and food tracker (home page: database size, Barcode Scan, Meal Scan, free account). myfitnesspal.com. 2026. https://www.myfitnesspal.com/

    Cited in Best macro tracking apps: what to look for·MacroDiet vs MyFitnessPal

  6. 2×

    MyFitnessPal, Inc. MyFitnessPal Premium and Premium+ — plans, prices and what each tier includes. myfitnesspal.com/premium. 2026. https://www.myfitnesspal.com/premium

    Cited in Best macro tracking apps: what to look for·MacroDiet vs MyFitnessPal

  7. 2×

    Stronger By Science Technologies LLC MacroFactor – Macro Tracker (iOS listing: feature description, 7-day trial, in-app purchase prices). Apple iOS listing, id1553503471. 2026. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/macrofactor-macro-tracker/id1553503471

    Cited in Best macro tracking apps: what to look for·MacroDiet vs MacroFactor: an honest comparison

  8. 2×

    MacroFactor Help Center Program Styles (Coached, Collaborative, Manual). help.macrofactorapp.com, article 91. 2026. https://help.macrofactorapp.com/en/articles/91-program-styles

    Cited in Best macro tracking apps: what to look for·MacroDiet vs MacroFactor: an honest comparison

  9. 2×

    MacroFactor Help Center Why is my Expenditure in MacroFactor Different From the Output of a TDEE Calculator? help.macrofactorapp.com, article 126. 2026. https://help.macrofactorapp.com/en/articles/126-why-is-my-expenditure-in-macrofactor-different-from-the-output-of-a-tdee-calculator

    Cited in MacroDiet vs MacroFactor: an honest comparison·Macro calculator vs a tracking app: which do you actually need?

  10. 2×

    Strong Fitness PTE. LTD. Strong — workout tracker (home page: feature list, platforms, "Strong Accounts are Free Forever"). strong.app. 2026. https://www.strong.app/

    Cited in Best workout logging apps: what to look for·Zyra Workouts vs Strong vs Hevy

  11. 2×

    Strong Fitness PTE. LTD. Strong Workout Tracker Gym Log (iOS listing: free-tier routine limit, PRO prices, feature description). Apple iOS listing, id464254577. 2026. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/strong-workout-tracker-gym-log/id464254577

    Cited in Best workout logging apps: what to look for·Zyra Workouts vs Strong vs Hevy

  12. 2×

    Hevy Studios S.L. Hevy — workout tracker and planner (home page: logging, routines, social, watch and web features). hevyapp.com. 2026. https://hevyapp.com/

    Cited in Best workout logging apps: what to look for·Zyra Workouts vs Strong vs Hevy

  13. 2×

    Pontzer H, Durazo-Arvizu R, Dugas LR, Plange-Rhule J, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Cooper RS, Schoeller DA, Luke A. Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult Humans. Curr Biol. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.046 · PMID 26832439

    Cited in Is calories in, calories out true?·Why doesn't exercise burn as many calories as my tracker says?

  14. 2×

    Frankenfield D, Roth-Yousey L, Compher C. Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy nonobese and obese adults: a systematic review. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2005.02.005 · PMID 15883556

    Cited in Mifflin-St Jeor vs Harris-Benedict vs Katch-McArdle: which BMR formula is best?·Why does every TDEE calculator give a different number?

  15. 2×

    Levine JA. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. doi:10.1053/beem.2002.0227 · PMID 12468415

    Cited in What is NEAT and why does it matter for calories?·Is calories in, calories out true?

  16. 1×

    National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH) What Is A Standard Drink? NIAAA, National Institutes of Health. 2024. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/what-standard-drink

    Cited in How many calories are in alcohol, and how do you log it?

  17. 1×

    Maeo S, Huang M, Wu Y, Sakurai H, Kusagawa Y, Sugiyama T, Kanehisa H, Isaka T. Greater Hamstrings Muscle Hypertrophy but Similar Damage Protection after Training at Long versus Short Muscle Lengths. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2021. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002523

    Cited in Lying vs seated leg curl: is there a difference?

  18. 1×

    Barakat C, Pearson J, Escalante G, Campbell B, De Souza EO Body Recomposition: Can Trained Individuals Build Muscle and Lose Fat at the Same Time? Strength and Conditioning Journal 42(5):7–21. 2020. doi:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000584

    Cited in Can you lose fat and gain muscle at the same time?

  19. 1×

    Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, Schoenfeld BJ, Henselmans M, Helms E, Aragon AA, Devries MC, Banfield L, Krieger JW, Phillips SM A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults Br J Sports Med 2018;52(6):376-384. 2018. PMID 28698222

    Cited in How much protein per kg of body weight?

  20. 1×

    Byrne NM, Sainsbury A, King NA, Hills AP, Wood RE Intermittent energy restriction improves weight loss efficiency in obese men: the MATADOR study International Journal of Obesity 42(2):129–138. 2018. doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.206 · PMID 28925405

    Cited in Do refeeds, diet breaks and carb cycling work?

  21. 1×

    Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Skrepnik M, Davies TB, Mikulic P. Effects of Rest Interval Duration in Resistance Training on Measures of Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2018. doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0788-x

    Cited in How long should you rest between sets?

  22. 1×

    Shcherbina A, Mattsson CM, Waggott D, Salisbury H, Christle JW, Hastie T, Wheeler MT, Ashley EA. Accuracy in Wrist-Worn, Sensor-Based Measurements of Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure in a Diverse Cohort. J Pers Med. 2017. doi:10.3390/jpm7020003 · PMID 28538708

    Cited in Why doesn't exercise burn as many calories as my tracker says?

  23. 1×

    Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2017. doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1210197

    Cited in How many sets per muscle group per week?

  24. 1×

    Melina V, Craig W, Levin S Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets J Acad Nutr Diet 2016;116(12):1970-1980. 2016. PMID 27886704

    Cited in How do you set macros on a vegan diet?

  25. 1×

    Zourdos MC, Klemp A, Dolan C, Quiles JM, Schau KA, Jo E, Helms E, Esgro B, Duncan S, Garcia Merino S, Blanco R. Novel Resistance Training-Specific Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale Measuring Repetitions in Reserve. J Strength Cond Res. 2016. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001049 · PMID 26049792

    Cited in RIR vs RPE: what's the difference?

  26. 1×

    Helms ER, Cronin J, Storey A, Zourdos MC. Application of the Repetitions in Reserve-Based Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Training. Strength Cond J. 2016. doi:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000218 · PMC4961270

    Cited in RIR vs RPE: what's the difference?

  27. 1×

    Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2016. DOI 10.1007/s40279-016-0543-8 · PMID 27102172

    Cited in How many days a week should you lift?

  28. 1×

    Contreras B, Vigotsky AD, Schoenfeld BJ, Beardsley C, Cronin J. A Comparison of Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, and Vastus Lateralis Electromyographic Activity in the Back Squat and Barbell Hip Thrust Exercises. Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 2015. 10.1123/jab.2014-0301

    Cited in Hip thrust: muscles worked, and hip thrust vs glute bridge

  29. 1×

    Burke LM, Hawley JA, Wong SH, Jeukendrup AE Carbohydrates for training and competition J Sports Sci 2011;29 Suppl 1:S17-27. 2011. PMID 21660838

    Cited in How many carbs should I eat per day?

  30. 1×

    Garthe I, Raastad T, Refsnes PE, Koivisto A, Sundgot-Borgen J Effect of two different weight-loss rates on body composition and strength and power-related performance in elite athletes International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 21(2):97–104. 2011. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.21.2.97

    Cited in How fast should I lose weight?

  31. 1×

    American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc (ACSM position stand). 2009. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670

    Cited in How long should you rest between sets?

  32. 1×

    Gullett JC, Tillman MD, Gutierrez GM, Chow JW. A biomechanical comparison of back and front squats in healthy trained individuals. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818546bb

    Cited in Front squat vs back squat: what changes?

  33. 1×

    Hall KD. What is the required energy deficit per unit weight loss? Int J Obes (Lond). 2008. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803720 · PMID 17848938

    Cited in Why the scale doesn't match the mirror

  34. 1×

    Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate The National Academies Press. 2005. doi:10.17226/10925

    Cited in How much water should you drink a day?

  35. 1×

    Westerterp KR. Diet induced thermogenesis. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2004. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-1-5 · PMID 15507147

    Cited in What is the thermic effect of food?

  36. 1×

    Brzycki M. Strength Testing—Predicting a One-Rep Max from Reps-to-Fatigue. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. 1993. doi:10.1080/07303084.1993.10606684

    Cited in Brzycki vs Epley: which 1RM formula is more accurate?

  37. 1×

    Cunningham JJ. A reanalysis of the factors influencing basal metabolic rate in normal adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980. doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.11.2372 · PMID 7435418

    Cited in Mifflin-St Jeor vs Harris-Benedict vs Katch-McArdle: which BMR formula is best?

  38. 1×

    Harris JA, Benedict FG. A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1918. doi:10.1073/pnas.4.12.370 · PMID 16576330

    Cited in Mifflin-St Jeor vs Harris-Benedict vs Katch-McArdle: which BMR formula is best?

What qualifies

A source is added to an article only after the writer has opened the DOI, PubMed record or document and confirmed it says what the sentence cites — with the author string copied verbatim and a resolving identifier. Reference bodies (dietary reference intakes, position stands), human trials and meta-analyses qualify; help-centre pages, vendor pages and secondary summaries do not. Where no such source is at hand, the article is written from arithmetic and mechanism and labelled that way instead. The rules are spelled out on the methodology page.

Zyra is a training and nutrition tracking tool. Nothing on this page is medical advice, a diagnosis, or an individual prescription. The numbers are estimates from published formulas and the apps' own rules — consult a qualified professional for decisions about your health, and a coach for your training.